Path loss measurement and modeling for low-altitude UAV scenarios towards 3GPP ISAC standadization

MO Qingmei; ZHANG Yuxiang; LIU Yameng; CHEN Wenjun; JIANG Tao; WANG Qixing; ZHANG Jianhua

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2024.00426

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Path loss measurement and modeling for low-altitude UAV scenarios towards 3GPP ISAC standadization

Theory and Technology | 更新时间：2025-03-13

- Path loss measurement and modeling for low-altitude UAV scenarios towards 3GPP ISAC standadization
- Chinese Journal on Internet of Things Vol. 8, Issue 3, Pages: 16-25(2024)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京邮电大学网络与交换技术全国重点实验室，北京 100876
  2.中国移动通信有限公司研究院，北京 100053
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  The National Natural Science Foundation of China(62341128;62201087;62401084;92167202);The National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(61925102);The Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L243002)
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2024.00426
  CLC： TN929.5
- Received：30 August 2024，
  
  Revised：2024-09-15，
  
  Published：10 September 2024
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
莫清媚,张宇翔,刘亚萌等.面向3GPP ISAC标准化的低空无人机场景路径损耗测量与建模[J].物联网学报,2024,08(03):16-25.

MO Qingmei,ZHANG Yuxiang,LIU Yameng,et al.Path loss measurement and modeling for low-altitude UAV scenarios towards 3GPP ISAC standadization[J].Chinese Journal on Internet of Things,2024,08(03):16-25.
莫清媚,张宇翔,刘亚萌等.面向3GPP ISAC标准化的低空无人机场景路径损耗测量与建模[J].物联网学报,2024,08(03):16-25. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2024.00426.

MO Qingmei,ZHANG Yuxiang,LIU Yameng,et al.Path loss measurement and modeling for low-altitude UAV scenarios towards 3GPP ISAC standadization[J].Chinese Journal on Internet of Things,2024,08(03):16-25. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2024.00426.

摘要

随着低空经济的发展及无人机（UAV

unmanned aerial vehicle）的广泛应用，UAV飞行的监管挑战显著增大，通信感知一体化（ISAC

integrated sensing and communication）技术有望解决上述难题，因此第三代合作伙伴计划（3GPP

3rd Generation Partnership Project）将低空无人机确定为ISAC技术的重要应用场景之一。然而，UAV速度快、尺寸小及飞行高度高的特点会影响感知信号的接收强度与质量，因此亟须研究UAV感知信道的路径损耗特性与建模方法。针对15 GHz和28 GHz频段下的UAV单站感知信道进行测量，研究了感知水平距离、垂直高度差和目标雷达散射截面（RCS

radar cross section）对路径损耗的影响，发现了UAV目标信道和背景信道的低耦合特性，建立了UAV感知目标信道路径损耗与距离模型，支撑了3GPP标准化研究。

Abstract

With the advancement of the low-altitude economy and the widespread application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

regulatory challenges for UAV flights have significantly increased. Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology is expected to solve the above problems. For this reason

the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) had identified low-altitude UAV as one of the important application scenarios of ISAC technology. However

the fast flight speed

small size and high altitude of UAV could adversely affect the strength and quality of the received sensing signals. Consequently

there was an urgent need to investigate the path loss characteristics of the UAV sensing channel and develop effective model. Mono-static sensing channel measurements for UAV at frequencies of 15 GHz and 28 GHz were conducted. The impact of horizontal distance

vertical altitude differences

and the radar cross section (RCS) of the target on path loss were examined. The findings revealed low-coupling characteristics between the target and background channels. Subsequently

the path loss and distance model for the UAV sensing target channel was established

contributing to the ongoing progress of 3GPP standardization.

关键词

Keywords

references

中国电子信息产业发展研究院 . 中国低空经济发展研究报告 [R ] . 2024 .

China Center for Information Industry Development . Research report on the development of China’s low-altitude economy [R ] . 2024 .

卢倩 , 陆小雅 , 潘玉婷 , 等 . 无人机在低空空域的监管问题 [J ] . 中国民航飞行学院学报 , 2017 , 28 ( 2 ): 30 - 34 .

LU Q , LU X Y , PAN Y T , et al . Regulatory of UAV in low-altitude airspace [J ] . Journal of Civil Aviation Flight University of China , 2017 , 28 ( 2 ): 30 - 34 .

中国移动通信集团有限公司 . 低空智联网技术体系白皮书 [R ] . 2024 .

China Mobile Communications Group . Low altitude intelligent network technology system white paper [R ] . 2024 .

ZHANG J H , WANG J L , ZHANG Y X , et al . Integrated sensing and communication channel: measurements, characteristics, and modeling [J ] . IEEE Communications Magazine , 2024 , 62 ( 6 ): 98 - 104 .

MENG K T , WU Q Q , XU J , et al . UAV-enabled integrated sensing and communication: opportunities and challenges [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications , 2024 , 31 ( 2 ): 97 - 104 .

刘晨熙 , 马睿 , 彭木根 . 无人机通信感知一体化: 架构、技术与展望 [J ] . 电信科学 , 2023 , 39 ( 2 ): 1 - 9 .

LIU C X , MA R , PENG M G . UAV-enabled integrated sensing and communication: architecture, techniques, and future vision [J ] . Telecommunications Science , 2023 , 39 ( 2 ): 1 - 9 .

ZHANG J H , LIN J X , TANG P , et al . Channel measurement, modeling, and simulation for 6G: a survey and tutorial [J ] . arXiv preprint , 2023 : 2305 .16616.

3GPP. Study on channel model for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz, v17.0.0: TR 38.901 [S ] . 2022 .

3GPP. Study on enhanced LTE support for aerial vehicles, v15.0.0: TR 36.777 [S ] . 2017 .

LIU Y M , ZHANG J H , ZHANG Y X , et al . A shared cluster-based stochastic channel model for integrated sensing and communication systems [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology , 2024 , 73 ( 5 ): 6032 - 6044 .

3GPP. Feasibility study on integrated sensing and communication, v19.0.0: TR 22.837 [S ] . 2023 .

李晖晖 . 通信感知一体化在5G-A/6G环境下的无人机应用探究 [J ] . 广东通信技术 , 2024 , 44 ( 1 ): 29 - 32 .

LI H H . Research on UAV application of communication perception integration in 5G-A/6G environment [J ] . Guangdong Communication Technology , 2024 , 44 ( 1 ): 29 - 32 .

ZHANG Y X , ZHANG J H , PEI Y P , et al . Latest progress for 3GPP ISAC channel modelling standardization [J ] . SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences ， 2024 , 67 ( 11 ): 217301 .

CHEN W J , ZHANG Y X , LIU Y M , et al . An empirical study of ISAC channel characteristics with human target impact at 105 GHz [J ] . Electronics Letters , 2024 , 60 ( 17 ): 04897716 .

方聪 . 旋翼无人机的反射特性分析及检测算法研究 [D ] . 西安：西安电子科技大学 , 2021 .

FANG C . Research on reflection characteristics and detection algorithm of rotary-wing UAVs [D ] . Xi’an : Xidian University , 2021 .

王东 . 低空小目标雷达检测方法研究 [D ] . 长沙：国防科技大学 , 2017 .

WANG D . Research on radar detection methods of low-altitude micro targets [D ] . Changsha : National University of Defense Technology , 2017 .

BUPT , CMCC , VIVO . ISAC channel measurements and modeling: R1-2406107 [S ] . 2024 .

3GPP. Discussion on channel modelling for ISAC: R1-2406960 [S ] . 2024 .

3GPP. Channel modelling for ISAC: R1-2406975 [S ] . 2024 .

崔壮壮 . 面向空地通信的无线信道特性和建模研究 [D ] . 北京 : 北京交通大学 , 2022 .

CUI Z Z . Research on characteristics and modeling of wireless channel for air-to-ground communication [D ] . Beijing : Beijing Jiaotong University , 2022 .

朱秋明 , 倪浩然 , 华博宇 , 等 . 无人机毫米波信道测量与建模研究综述 [J ] . 移动通信 , 2022 , 46 ( 12 ): 2 - 11 .

ZHU Q M , NI H R , HUA B Y , et al . A survey of UAV millimeter-wave channel measurement and modeling [J ] . Mobile Communications , 2022 , 46 ( 12 ): 2 - 11 .

CHAI Z Y , ZHANG Y X , LIU G Y , et al . Empirical path loss channel modeling at 28 GHz for integrated sensing and communication system [C ] // Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP) . Piscataway : IEEE Press , 2023 : 366 - 370 .

李怡然 . 5G/B5G车联网信道建模与仿真研究 [D ] . 北京：北京大学 , 2020 .

LI Y R . Research on channel modeling and simulation of 5G/B5G-based vehicular communication [D ] . Beijing : Peking University , 2020 .

张建华 , 王玉洁 , 唐盼 , 等 . 工业互联网信道特性与建模研究综述 [J ] . 电波科学学报 , 2023 , 38 ( 1 ): 3 - 14 .

ZHANG J H , WANG Y J , TANG P , et al . Overview of research on channel characteristics and modeling in the IIoT scenarios [J ] . Chinese Journal of Radio Science , 2023 , 38 ( 1 ): 3 - 14 .

SKOLNIK M I . Radar handbook [M ] . New York : McGraw-Hill Inc., US , 2008 .

MOORE E G . Radar detection, tracking and identification for UAV sense and avoid applications [D ] . American : University of Denver , 2019 .

3GPP. Discussion on channel modelling for ISAC: R1-2401064 [S ] . 2024 .

RAPPAPORT T S . Wireless communications [M ] . Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press , 2024 .

MIAO H , ZHANG J , TANG P , et al . Sub-6 GHz to mmWave for 5G-advanced and beyond: channel measurements, characteristics and impact on system performance [J ] . IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications , 2023 , 41 ( 6 ): 1945 - 1960 .

JIANG T , ZHANG J , TANG P , et al . 3GPP standardized 5G channel model for IIoT scenarios: a survey [J ] . IEEE Internet of Things Journal , 2021 , 8 ( 11 ): 8799 - 8815 .

WANG Y , JIANG T , TANG P , et al . Measurement-based analysis and modeling of channel characteristics in an industrial scenario at 28 GHz [C ] // 2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall) . Piscataway : IEEE Press , 2021 : 1 - 5 .

Views

604

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Emergency UAV deployment optimization in an integrated air-ground network with joint communication and localization service

Joint optimization method for UAV trajectory and charging/discharging in cell-free mMIMO system on WPT

An edge-cloud collaborative model evolution and communication paradigm in Internet of low-altitude UAV

A distributed strategy for the multi-target rescue using a UAV swarm under communication constraints

Measurement and modeling of indoor off-body channel in the 9.5～10.5 GHz band

Related Author

BI Suzhi

NING Luohan

WANG Qin

ZHANG Yuxuan

CAI Yan

LIU Ying

ZHAO Haitao

ZHANG Hongliang

Related Institution

College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University

College of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications

College of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications

School of Electronics, Peking University

Pengcheng Laboratory

⁰