LEO卫星星座系统：基于CMAB的两阶段波束赋形方案

宋欣婷; 宋云超; 刘陈; 梁汇彬; 汪革

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LEO卫星星座系统：基于CMAB的两阶段波束赋形方案

更新时间：2026-03-03

- LEO卫星星座系统：基于CMAB的两阶段波束赋形方案
- LEO satellite constellations: a two-stage beamforming scheme based on CMAB
- 物联网学报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  南京邮电大学电子与光学工程学院、柔性电子(未来技术)学院，江苏南京 210023
- 作者简介：
  
  宋云超，songyc@njupt.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-01-28，
  
  修回：2025-04-03，
  
  录用：2025-05-22，
- 稿件说明：
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宋欣婷, 宋云超, 刘陈, 等. LEO卫星星座系统：基于CMAB的两阶段波束赋形方案[J/OL]. 物联网学报, 2026.

SONG Xinting, SONG Yunchao, LIU Chen, et al. LEO satellite constellations: a two-stage beamforming scheme based on CMAB[J/OL]. Chinese Journal on Internet of Things, 2026.
宋欣婷, 宋云超, 刘陈, 等. LEO卫星星座系统：基于CMAB的两阶段波束赋形方案[J/OL]. 物联网学报, 2026. DOI：

SONG Xinting, SONG Yunchao, LIU Chen, et al. LEO satellite constellations: a two-stage beamforming scheme based on CMAB[J/OL]. Chinese Journal on Internet of Things, 2026. DOI：

摘要

针对频分双工（FDD

Frequency-division Duplex）大规模多输入多输出（MIMO

Multiple-input Multiple-output）低地球轨道（LEO，Low Earth Orbit）卫星星座的波束赋形设计问题，提出了基于组合式多臂赌博机（CMAB

Combinatorial Multi-armed Bandit）的两阶段波束赋形（TSB

Two-stage Beamforming）方案。在第一阶段，为克服信道状态信息（CSI

Channel State Information）估计的挑战并降低导频开销，利用多臂赌博机（MAB

Multi-armed Bandit）无需CSI且可与环境交互以平衡探索和利用的特性，将模拟波束赋形器设计问题转化为CMAB中的臂选择问题，并采用线性上置信界（UCB

Upper Confidence Bound）策略将臂选择问题转化为0-1整数线性规划问题。在第二阶段，鉴于瞬时CSI易过时，利用历史采样接收信号设计数字多用户预编码器以减轻用户间干扰。所提方案实现了遗憾随时间呈对数增长，仿真结果表明，与现有的基于瞬时CSI的LEO卫星星座波束赋形方案相比，所提方案具有更优越的平均有效和速率性能。

Abstract

For the beamforming design problem of frequency-division duplex (FDD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations

a two-stage beamforming (TSB) scheme based on combinatorial multi-armed bandit (CMAB) was proposed. In the first stage

to overcome the challenges of channel state information (CSI) estimation and reduce pilot overhead

multi-armed bandit (MAB) is employed

which does not require CSI and can interact with the environment to balance exploration and exploitation. The analog beamformer design problem is transformed into the arm selection problem in the CMAB

and the arm selection problem is further converted into a 0-1 integer linear programming problem using the Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) strategy. In the second stage

considering that instantaneous CSI can become outdated

a digital multi-user precoder is designed based on historically sampled received signals to alleviate inter-user interference. The proposed scheme achieves logarithmic regret growth over time. Simulation results show that

compared with existing instantaneous CSI-based beamforming schemes for LEO satellite constellations

the proposed scheme significantly outperforms in terms of average effective sum rate.

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references

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