基于有理分式惩罚的手机直连稀疏信道均衡算法

王承振; 边东明; 张更新

doi:null

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

基于有理分式惩罚的手机直连稀疏信道均衡算法

更新时间：2026-05-20

- 基于有理分式惩罚的手机直连稀疏信道均衡算法
- Sparse Channel Equalization for Direct-to-Satellite Smartphone Communications Using a Rational-Function Penalty
- 物联网学报 2026年
- 作者机构：
  
  南京邮电大学通信与信息工程学院，江苏南京210003
- 作者简介：
  
  边东明， bian_dm@163.com
- 基金信息：
  
  雄安新区科技创新专项(2025XAGG0029)
- DOI：
  中图分类号： TN927.2
- 收稿：2026-03-15，
  
  修回：2026-04-23，
  
  录用：2026-05-09，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
王承振, 边东明, 张更新. 基于有理分式惩罚的手机直连稀疏信道均衡算法[J/OL]. 物联网学报, 2026.

WANG Chengzhen, BIAN Dongming, ZHANG Gengxin. Sparse Channel Equalization for Direct-to-Satellite Smartphone Communications Using a Rational-Function Penalty[J/OL]. Chinese Journal on Internet of Things, 2026.
王承振, 边东明, 张更新. 基于有理分式惩罚的手机直连稀疏信道均衡算法[J/OL]. 物联网学报, 2026. DOI：

WANG Chengzhen, BIAN Dongming, ZHANG Gengxin. Sparse Channel Equalization for Direct-to-Satellite Smartphone Communications Using a Rational-Function Penalty[J/OL]. Chinese Journal on Internet of Things, 2026. DOI：

摘要

基于3GPP协议及ITU-R标准模型，手机直连卫星场景下，卫星信道受到视距（LoS，line of sight）径能量的主导，其时延扩展显著低于地面非视距（NLoS，non-line

of sight）场景，在离散时延域表现出极强的稀疏性，传统LMS算法由于缺乏结构约束，其稳态误差受零抽头噪声波动影响剧烈，存在收敛速度慢、稳态误差高的问题，因此，本文在零吸引LMS（ZA-LMS，zero-attracting least mean squares）、重加权零吸引LMS（RZA-LMS，reweighted zero-attracting least mean squares）的基础上，提出一种基于有理分式惩罚项的改进稀疏最小均方算法（Rational-LMS，rational least mean squares），推导了其权系数的随机梯度下降更新公式。该算法利用有理分式函数在原点附近的高灵敏度梯度以及在大系数区域的快速衰减特性，在有效滤除噪声分量的同时，实现了对均衡器系数的稳定收敛，从而在数学逻辑上更贴近

范数的理想约束；进一步地，引入参数自适应更新机制，使得算法能够根据误差动态调整稀疏惩罚系数，从而实现更低的稳态误差与更快的收敛速度。理论分析与仿真结果证明，在稀疏信道环境下，所提算法的收敛速率与稳态均方误差（MSE，mean squared error）性能均优于ZA-LMS和RZA-LMS算法。

Abstract

Based on the 3GPP specifications and ITU-R standardized channel models

in direct-to-satellite smartphone scenarios

the satellite channel is dominated by the energy of the line-of-sight (LoS) path. Consequently

its delay spread is significantly smaller than that in terrestrial non-line-of-sight (NLoS) environments

exhibiting strong sparsity in the discrete delay domain. Due to the lack of structural constraints

the conventional least mean squares algorithm is highly sensitive to noise fluctuations on zero taps in the steady state

resulting in slow convergence and high steady-state error. Therefore

building upon the zero-attracting LMS (ZA-LMS) and reweighted zero-attracting LMS (RZA-LMS)

this paper proposes an improved sparse least mean squares algorithm with a rational-function penalty

termed rational least mean squares (Rational-LMS)

and derives its stochastic gradient descent-based weight update equation. By exploiting the high-sensitivity gradient of the rational-function penalty near the origin and its rapid attenuation in the large-coefficient region

the proposed algorithm effectively suppresses noise components while ensuring stable convergence of the equalizer coefficients

thereby yielding a regularization effect

that is mathematically closer to the ideal

-norm constraint. Furthermore

an adaptive parameter update mechanism is introduced to dynamically adjust the sparsity penalty factor according to the instantaneous error

thereby achieving faster convergence and lower steady-state mean squared error (MSE). Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that

in sparse channel environments

the proposed Rational-LMS outperforms ZA-LMS and RZA-LMS in terms of both convergence rate and steady-state MSE performance.

关键词

Keywords

references

LI K , GAO X , XIA X . Channel estimation for LEO satellite massive MIMO OFDM communications [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications , 2023 , 22 ( 11 ): 7537 - 7550 .

YEH B H , WU J M , CHANG R H . Efficient Doppler compensation for LEO satellite downlink OFDMA systems [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology , 2024 , 73 ( 12 ): 18863 - 18877 .

TUZI D , FLORES AGUILAR E , DELAMOTTE T , KARABULUT KURT G , et al . Distributed approach to satellite direct-to-cell connectivity in 6G non-terrestrial networks [J ] . IEEE Wireless Communications , 2023 , 30 ( 6 ): 28 - 34 .

LIN X , LIN Z , LÖWENMARK S E , et al . Doppler shift estimation in 5G new radio non-terrestrial networks [C ] // 2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) . Madrid : IEEE , 2021 : 1 - 6 .

KIM Y J , HA S W , CHO Y S . A Doppler-Tolerant Synchronization Method for 5G NR-Based Non-Terrestrial Networks [J ] . IEEE Communications Letters , 2024 , 28 ( 3 ): 617 - 621 .

ARANITI G , IERA A , PIZZI S , et al . Toward 6G Non-Terrestrial Networks [J ] . IEEE Network , 2022 , 36 ( 1 ): 113 - 120 .

PAWASE C J , CHANG K H . Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS) based channel estimation for non-terrestrial networks to support high mobility [J ] . ICT Express , 2024 , 10 ( 1 ): 46 - 52 .

DARYA A M , ABDALLAH S . Semi-Blind Channel Estimation for Massive MIMO LEO Satellite Communications [J ] . IEEE Communications Letters , 2025 , 29 ( 1 ): 75 - 79 .

ZHOU Z , LIU L , XU J , CALDERBANK R . Learning to equalize OTFS [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications , 2022 , 21 ( 9 ): 7723 - 7736 .

SURABHI G D , CHOCKALINGAM A . Low-complexity linear equalization for OTFS modulation [J ] . IEEE Communications Letters , 2020 , 24 ( 2 ): 330 - 334 .

WANG X , SHEN W , XING C , et al . Joint Bayesian Channel Estimation and Data Detection for OTFS Systems in LEO Satellite Communications [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Communications , 2022 , 70 ( 7 ): 4386 - 4399 .

JIANG Z , SHI H , ZHANG Y , et al . Channel Estimation with OTFS Modulation for Random Access in LEO Satellite Communications [C ] // 2024 IEEE 99th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2024-Spring) . Singapore : IEEE , 2024 : 1 - 6 .

LIU Y , CHEN M , PAN C , et al . OTFS vs OFDM: Which is Superior in Multiuser LEO Satellite Communications [J ] . IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications , 2025 , 43 ( 1 ): 139 - 155 .

SHEN B , WU Y , AN J , et al . Random Access With Massive MIMO-OTFS in LEO Satellite Communications [J ] . IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications , 2022 , 40 ( 10 ): 2865 - 2881 .

3GPP. Study on using satellite access in 5G [R ] . 3GPP TR 22.822 , 2018 .

3GPP. Study on New Radio (NR) to support non-terrestrial networks [R ] . 3GPP TR 38.811 V15.4.0 , 2020 .

LIN X , ROMMER S , EULER S , et al . 5G from Space: An Overview of 3GPP Non-Terrestrial Networks [J ] . IEEE Communications Standards Magazine , 2021 , 5 ( 4 ): 147 - 153 .

YANG Y , IHALAINEN T , RINNE M , et al . Frequency-Domain Equalization in Single-Carrier Transmission: Filter Bank Approach [J ] . EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing , 2007 : 10438 .

SAHOO S , BARAPATRE Y K , SAHOO H K , et al . FPGA implementation of fuzzy sparse adaptive equalizer for indoor wireless communication systems [J ] . Applied Soft Computing , 2021 , 111 : 107616 .

WANG Z , CHEN F , YU H , et al . Sparse decision feedback equalization for underwater acoustic channel based on minimum symbol error rate [J ] . International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering , 2021 , 13 : 617 - 627 .

LEE H S , LEE J W , SONG W J , et al . Adaptive algorithm for sparse system identification based on hard-thresholding techniques [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs , 2020 , 67 ( 12 ): 3597 - 3601 .

CHEN D S , CHOU K S , WANG Y W . A new block-based stochastic adaptive algorithm for sparse echo cancellation [C ] // 2010 2nd International Conference on Signal Processing Systems . Dalian , China . IEEE , 2010 : V1-756- V1-760 .

MAYYAS K . Performance analysis of the selective coefficient update NLMS algorithm in an undermodeling situation [J ] . Digital Signal Processing , 2013 , 23 ( 6 ): 1967 - 1973 .

LI Y , GU Y , TANG K . Parallel NLMS filters with stochastic active taps and step-sizes for sparse system identification [C ] // 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing . Toulouse , France . IEEE , 2006 : III .

LIMA M V S , FERREIRA T N , MARTINS W A , et al . Sparsity-aware data-selective adaptive filters [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing , 2014 , 62 ( 17 ): 4557 - 4572 .

GODAVARTI M , HERO A O . Partial update LMS algorithms [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing , 2005 , 53 ( 7 ): 2382 - 2399 .

DAS R L , CHAKRABORTY M . A zero attracting proportionate normalized least mean square algorithm [C ] // Proceedings of The 2012 Asia Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference . Hollywood, CA, USA . IEEE , 2013 : 1 - 4 .

DUTTWEILER D L . Proportionate normalized least-mean-squares adaptation in echo cancelers [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing , 2000 , 8 ( 5 ): 508 - 518 .

XU H , CARAMANIS C , MANNOR S . Robust regression and lasso [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Information Theory , 2010 , 56 ( 7 ): 3561 - 3574 .

CANDÈS E J . Compressive sampling [M ] // Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians Madrid, August 22–30, 2006 . Zürich : EMS Press , 2007 : 1433 - 1452 .

CANDÈS E J , WAKIN M B , BOYD S P . Enhancing sparsity by reweighted ℓ1 minimization [J ] . Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications , 2008 , 14 ( 5/6 ): 877 - 905 .

BARANIUK R G . Compressive sensing [Lecture Notes] [J ] . IEEE Signal Processing Magazine , 2007 , 24 ( 4 ): 118 - 121 .

DONOHO D L . Compressed sensing [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Information Theory , 2006 , 52 ( 4 ): 1289 - 1306 .

CHEN Y , GU Y , HERO A O . Sparse LMS for system identification [C ] // 2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing . Taipei, China : IEEE , 2009 : 3125 - 3128 .

PENG L , ZHANG Y . Massive MIMO-OTFS satellite communication channel estimation based on improved 3D-SOMP [C ] // 2025 4th International Symposium on Computer Applications and Information Technology (ISCAIT) . Xi’an , China . IEEE , 2025 : 1377 - 1381 .

BACH F , JENATTON R , MAIRAL J , et al . Optimization with Sparsity-Inducing Penalties [J ] . Foundations and Trends in Machine Learning , 2012 , 4 ( 1 ): 1 - 106 .

LI H , ZHANG Q , CUI A , et al . Minimization of Fraction Function Penalty in Compressed Sensing [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems , 2020 , 31 ( 5 ): 1626 - 1637 .

NIEDŹWIECKI M , GAŃCZA A , SHEN L , et al . Adaptive identification of sparse underwater acoustic channels with a mix of static and time-varying parameters [J ] . Signal Processing , 2022 , 200 : 108664

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

基于网络编码的蜂窝车联网边缘内容缓存方法

面向6G的跨域知识驱动网络元智能算法框架

星地协同中基于多智能体的时敏任务调度优化策略

基于变分自编码器的时间序列生成及异常检测模型研究

意图驱动的物联网双时间尺度资源分配方法