低轨卫星定位：探索与展望

刘翔宇; 李东博; 刘劼

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2025.00434

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低轨卫星定位：探索与展望

理论与技术 | 更新时间：2026-01-26

- 低轨卫星定位：探索与展望
- Low earth orbit satellite positioning: exploration and prospects
- 物联网学报 2025年9卷第3期页码：17-27
- 作者机构：
  
  1.哈尔滨工业大学航天学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150001
  2.智慧农场技术与系统全国重点实验室，黑龙江哈尔滨 150001
  3.哈尔滨工业大学计算学部，黑龙江哈尔滨 150001
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "刘翔宇（1994‒ ），女，哈尔滨工业大学航天学院博士生，主要研究方向为低轨道卫星辅助定位。" ]
  [ "李东博（1989‒ ），男，博士，哈尔滨工业大学计算学部副教授，主要研究方向为空天地一体化网络、卫星通信与导航、AIoT、移动边缘计算。" ]
  [ "刘劼（1972‒ ），男，博士，哈尔滨工业大学讲席教授，智慧农场技术与系统全国重点实验室主任，国家高层次人才，IEEE Fellow、ACM杰出科学家、ACM SIGBED China主席。主要研究方向为物联网系统、移动计算与人工智能。" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目(2021ZD0110905);国家自然科学基金资助项目(62350710797);中国博士后科学基金特别资助(2022TQ0091);中国博士后科研基金面上项目(2022M720958);黑龙江省重点研发计划(2022ZX01A23;2022ZX01A25);智慧农场技术与系统全国重点实验室创新项目(JD2023GJ01)
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2025.00434
  中图分类号： TP393
- 收稿：2024-10-09，
  
  修回：2025-05-30，
  
  纸质出版：2025-09-10
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
刘翔宇,李东博,刘劼.低轨卫星定位：探索与展望[J].物联网学报,2025,09(03):17-27.

LIU Xiangyu,LI Dongbo,LIU Jie.Low earth orbit satellite positioning: exploration and prospects[J].Chinese Journal on Internet of Things,2025,09(03):17-27.
刘翔宇,李东博,刘劼.低轨卫星定位：探索与展望[J].物联网学报,2025,09(03):17-27. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2025.00434.

LIU Xiangyu,LI Dongbo,LIU Jie.Low earth orbit satellite positioning: exploration and prospects[J].Chinese Journal on Internet of Things,2025,09(03):17-27. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2025.00434.

摘要

全球导航卫星系统（GNSS

global navigation satellite system）可以在日常生活中为人们提供全天候的定位、导航和授时（PNT

positioning

navigation and time）服务，然而，人们对定位的需求不仅局限于生活中，在高纬度地区、人烟稀少的偏远地区和复杂环境地区，GNSS的地面基础设施不完善，严重影响GNSS的定位精度和速度，一旦有紧急情况发生，很难迅速缩小目标的搜索范围并确定位置，从而导致更大的损失和危险。低轨道（LEO

low earth orbit）卫星从卫星数量、卫星信号频率、卫星定位原理等方面，均可以弥补GNSS在上述地区定位的不足。首先，介绍了LEO卫星的定位原理；然后，对LEO卫星定位技术的现状进行了总结和分析；最后，探讨了实现LEO卫星定位技术的挑战，以及未来的研究方向。

Abstract

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) can provide all-day positioning

navigation

and timing (PNT) services in our daily life. However

the requirement of location is not limited to daily life. In high latitude areas

sparsely populated remote areas

and complex environmental areas

the ground infrastructure of GNSS is incomplete

which greatly affects the positioning accuracy and speed of GNSS. Once an emergency occurs

it is difficult to quickly narrow down the search range of the target

resulting in great losses and dangers. Low earth orbit (LEO) satellites can compensate for the shortcomings of GNSS positioning in the above-mentioned areas in terms of satellite quantity

satellite signal frequency

and satellite positioning principle. Firstly

the principle of LEO satellite positioning was introduced. Then

the research status of LEO satellite positioning technology was summarized and analyzed. Finally

the challenges of LEO satellite positioning technology and future research directions were explored.

关键词

Keywords

references

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